China is one of the world's powers that has adopted a cautious and pragmatic foreign policy toward the Middle East, particularly regarding the Syrian issue.

During the recent G20 summit, India, the U.S., Saudi Arabia, the UAE, France, Germany and Italy signed a memorandum of understanding to establish the India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC).

The undersea cables, which carry most of the world’s Internet traffic, have become a key point of contention between the two global superpowers, as intelligence agencies can tap into the cables to carry out surveillance.

The G7 declared confrontation on China's economic expansion projects in the world, especially the Belt and Road Initiative, which Europe views with caution.